هاااااااااام جدا لأمتحان البيو دور تاني 2008

ده الحاجات اللي قالها دكتور رشوان في المحاضرة بالنسبة لأمتحان اللدور التاني 2008 مادة البيو

1)no formula is required

2)regulation mygesh kter 3shn mktob fel ktab btre2a tl5bt bs lazm tkon fahm el ganeral ways of regulation eg. y3ni leh enzyme mo3yn yb2a active bl phosph or by dephosph.

3)mmkn ygeb compound w y2ol mention 2 or 3 reactions using the following compound

4)in ch. of minerals study only ( ca-cu-fe) wel ba2y 2al sebko mno

the following r the imp things

*PDH complex ------ UDP glucose( it`s used in synth of glucuronic acid.lactose.glycogen)

*NADPH+H

*diseases of mitochondria(biological oxid)

*how seretonin gives melatonin

*no cycles in lipids r required(eg FA oxidation) but u should know enzymes used in each pathway

*sources & uses of NADPH+H is very imp just reaction not the whole pathway

*u should know what`s meant by keton bodies & ketosis

*derivatives of arachidonic acid(eg PG -LK)

*fatty liver( def - causes - lipotropic factors)

*diabetes ( normal glucose level- diabitic case-cl pic-complications-types-methods of diagnosis (GTT)

*gamma glutamyl cycle

*trans deamination

*NH3 toxicity

*el AAs el mohmen( glycine-glutamic-methionine-threonine-ph.alanine-cystien) but u should know el ba2y spec el
realted le dol

*one carbon unit
(co2 has one carbon but it`s not listed among one carbon
units cause it`s not reduced

*integration( u should know changes occuring in fasting & well fed state)

*purine synth. mygesh el pathway kolo bs u should know
1)synth. of prpp
2) synth. of ADP & GDP from IMP

*gout(1ry & 2ry)

*catabolism of purines

*heme synth matlob& it`s catabolism
*
porphyria

*types of jaundice

*glycolysis( energy - applications of products eg 2,3 PBG- toxins for enzymes)

*shuttels

*TCA cycle is very imp & def of it`s enzy

*brown fat tissue

*any abnormality or syndrome produced from def of any enzyme is very very imp von gierk`s

*any compound u should know it`s source & fate (hwa 2al zakro btre2t el tgme3at )

*glucosuria( glucose in urine)

*glycosuria(any sugar in urine including glucose)

*concept(imp) of ATP in ch. of biological oxidation

*UDP GLUCOSE is used in synth of glycogen-lactose-glucuronic acid

* lazm t3rf el fr2 ben direct ATP production ( substrate level) & indirect ( resp chain)

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